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textbook:nrctextbook:chapter19 [2025-04-24 11:13]
Merja Herzig 		textbook:nrctextbook:chapter19 [2025-05-07 13:29] (current)
Merja Herzig
Line 7: Line 7:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#absorption_of_beta_radiation|absorption of beta radiation]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#absorption_of_beta_radiation|absorption of beta radiation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#absorption_of_gamma_radiation|absorption of gamma radiation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#absorption_range|absorption, range]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16|accelerators]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#radionuclide_production_accelerators|accelerators, radionuclide production]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#activity|activity]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#activity|activity]]
Line 19: Line 27:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#5.2._alpha_decay|alpha decay]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#5.2._alpha_decay|alpha decay]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter11|alpha detector]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter11#alpha_emitters|alpha emitters (table of typical)]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#alpha_particle|alpha particle]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#alpha_particle|alpha particle]]
Line 29: Line 41:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#line_spectrum_alpha|alpha spectrum 2]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#line_spectrum_alpha|alpha spectrum 2]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#alpha_spectrum2|alpha spectrum 3]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#transuraniums_first|americium]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#amu|amu]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#amu|amu]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#annihilation|annihilation]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#annihilation|annihilation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#annihilation|annihilation 2]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#annihilation_peak|annihilation peak]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#annihilation_peak|annihilation peak]]
Line 41: Line 59:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#atomic_number|atomic number]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#atomic_number|atomic number]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2|atomic structure]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#atomic_weight|atomic weight]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#atomic_weight|atomic weight]]
Line 52: Line 72:
  
 ===== B ===== ===== B =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#background|background]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#substraction_of_background_gamma|background, subtraction of]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#figure_75_beta_absorption_processes|backscattering]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8# backscattering_coefficient |backscattering coefficient]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8# backscattering_coefficient |backscattering coefficient]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#barn|barn]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#becquerel|becquerel]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#becquerel|becquerel]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#henri_becquerel|Becquerel, Henri]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# transuraniums_first |berkelium]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#beta_decay_chains|beta decay chains]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#beta_decay_chains|beta decay chains]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#beta_decay|beta decay]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#5.3._beta_decay_processes|beta decay processes]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#5.3._beta_decay_processes|beta decay processes]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#pure_beta_emitters|beta emitters, pure]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#beta_particle|beta particle]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#beta_particle|beta particle]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#beta|beta radiation]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#beta|beta radiation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#beta_spectrum_fig|beta spectrum]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#binding_energy|binding energy]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#binding_energy|binding energy]]
  
-[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7# bremsstrahlung |bremsstrahlung]]+[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#bohr|Bohr, Niels]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#bremsstrahlung|bremsstrahlung]]
  
 ===== C ===== ===== C =====
Line 73: Line 113:
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#calibration_curve_gamma|calibration curve (gamma calibration)]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#calibration_curve_gamma|calibration curve (gamma calibration)]]
  
-[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7# cherenkov_radiation |Cherenkov radiation]]+[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#efficiency_calibration|calibration, efficiency]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#energy_calibration|calibration, energy]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# transuraniums_first |californium]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#13.3._ccd_camera_imaging|CCD camera filming]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#chadwick|Chadwick, James]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#cherenkov_counting_lsc|Cherenkov counting]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#cherenkov_radiation|Cherenkov radiation]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#cloud_chamber|cloud chamber]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#cloud_chamber|cloud chamber]]
Line 80: Line 132:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#7.4._absorption_of_gamma_radiation|Compton effect]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#7.4._absorption_of_gamma_radiation|Compton effect]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#7.4._absorption_of_gamma_radiation|Compton events]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#compton_scattering|Compton scattering]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#compton_scattering|Compton scattering]]
Line 88: Line 142:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#cosmogenic_radionuclides|cosmogenic radionuclides]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#cosmogenic_radionuclides|cosmogenic radionuclides]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#coulomb_barrier|Coulomb barrier]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#coulombs_constant|Coulomb´s constant]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#coulombs_law|Coulomb´s law]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#counting_efficiency|counting efficiency]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#counting_efficiency|counting efficiency]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#counting_efficiency_lsc|counting efficiency in liquid scintillation counting]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#count_rate|count rate (1)]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#count_rate|count rate (1)]]
Line 95: Line 157:
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#count_rate|count rate (2)]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#count_rate|count rate (2)]]
  
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#gross_count_rate|count rate, gross]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#net_count_rate|count rate, net]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#critical_mass|critical mass]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#cross_section|cross section]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#curie_ci|curie (Ci)]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#marie_curie|Curie, Marie]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# transuraniums_first |curium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#cyclotrons|cyclotrons]]
  
 ===== D ===== ===== D =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#daughter_nuclides_fission|daughter nuclide distribution, fission]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8# dead_time |dead-time]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8# dead_time |dead-time]]
Line 105: Line 184:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6|decay rate]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6|decay rate]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#decay_chains|decay chains]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#actinium_chain|decay chain, actinium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#beta_decay_chain|decay chain, beta]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#thorium_chain|decay chain, thorium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#uranium_chain|decay chain, uranium]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#decay_chains|decay series]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#decay_chains|decay series]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#delayed_neutron|delayed neutron]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#detection_efficiency_germanium|detection efficiency (in germanium detectors)]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#detection_efficiency_germanium|detection efficiency (in germanium detectors)]]
Line 113: Line 204:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#determination_of_half_lives|determination of half-lives]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#determination_of_half_lives|determination of half-lives]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#deuterium|deuterium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#deuterium|deuteron]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5|different radiation types]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#digital_autoradiography|digital autoradiography]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#dpm|dpm]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#dps|dps]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#dynode|dynode]]
  
 ===== E ===== ===== E =====
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#efficiency_calibration|efficiency calibration]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#efficiency_calibration|efficiency calibration]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# transuraniums_first |einsteinium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#elastic_scattering|elastic scattering]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#electron|electron]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#electron|electron]]
Line 122: Line 231:
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#electron_capture|electron capture]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#electron_capture|electron capture]]
  
-[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#electron_shells|shells]]+[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#electron|electron cloud]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#electron_shells|electron shell]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#electron_volt|electron volt]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#emax_beta|E(max) (beta)]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#emax_beta|E(max) (beta)]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#endoergic_reaction|endoergic reaction]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#energy_calibration|energy calibration]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#energy_calibration|energy calibration]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#energy_resolution|energy resolution]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#energy_resolution|energy resolution]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#energy_valley|energy valley]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6# equilibria_in_natural_decay_chains |equilibria in natural decay chains]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6# equilibria_in_natural_decay_chains |equilibria in natural decay chains]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#random_error|error, random]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#systematic_error|error, systematic]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#europium|europium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#odd_even_problem|even-even]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#odd_even_problem|even-odd]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#activity_equilibrium|equilibrium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#equilibria_in_natural_decay_chains|equilibrium, in natural decay chains]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#non_equilibrium|equilibrium, non-]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#secular_equilibrium|equilibrium, secular]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#transient_equilibrium|equilibrium, transient]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#excitation|excitation]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#excitation|excitation]]
  
-[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#excitation_beta|excitation (beta)]]+[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#excitation_beta|excitation, beta]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#excitation_function|excitation function]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#excited_state|excited state]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#excited_state|excited state]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#exoergic_reaction|exoergic reaction]]
  
 ===== F ===== ===== F =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#fajans_and_soddy|Fajans, Kasimir]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# fermi |Fermi, Enrico]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# transuraniums_first |fermium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#film_autoradiography|film autoradiography]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# first_nuclear_reactor |first nuclear reactor]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#fissile|fissile]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#fission|fission]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#fission|fission]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#fission|fission (2)]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#uranium_spontaneous_fission|fission, uranium spontaneous]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#fissionable|fissionable]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#induced_fission|fission, induced]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#fission_products|fission products]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#distribution_of_fission_products|fission products distribution]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#fission|fission, spontaneous]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#fragmentation_reaction|fragmentation reaction]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#fusion|fusion]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#fusion|fusion]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#fwhm_full_width_at_half_maximum|FWHM, Full Width at Half Maximum]]
  
 ===== G ===== ===== G =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9|gamma detectors]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#gamma|gamma radiation]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#gamma|gamma radiation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#gamma|gamma rays]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9|gamma spectrometry]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#gamma_spectrum|gamma spectrum]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#gamma_spectrum|gamma spectrum]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#interpretation_of_gamma_spectrum|gamma spectrum, interpretation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter10|gas ionization detector]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter10#gas_ionization_detector_function|gas ionization detector (function)]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter10#gm_counter|Geiger-Muller (GM) tube]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter10#gm_counter|Geiger-Muller (GM) tube]]
Line 155: Line 338:
  
 ===== H ===== ===== H =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#hahn_meitner_strassman|Hahn, Otto]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#half_life|half-life]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#half_life|half-life]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#hplc|HPLC]]
  
 ===== I ===== ===== I =====
  
-[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#induced_fission|induced fission]]+[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#induced_fission|induced fission]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#induced_fission|induced fission 2]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#inelastic_scattering|inelastic scattering]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7|interactions of particles and rays]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7|interactions of particles and rays]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7|interaction of radiation with matter]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#internal_conversion|internal conversion]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#internal_conversion|internal conversion]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#internal_standard_lsc|internal standard in liquid scintillation counting]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#internal_transition|internal transition]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#internal_transition|internal transition]]
Line 170: Line 365:
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#ionization|ionization]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#ionization|ionization]]
  
-[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#ionization_beta|ionization (beta)]]+[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#ionization_alpha_radiation|ionization, alpha radiation]] 
 + 
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#ionization_beta|ionization, beta radiation]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter10#ionization_chamber|ionization chamber]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter10#ionization_chamber|ionization chamber]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#secondary_ionization|ionization, secondary]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#specific_ionization_beta|ionization, specific]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#isobar|isobar]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#isobar|isobar]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#isobar|isobaric line]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#isotope|isotope]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#isotope|isotope]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#isotope_effect|isotope effect]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17|isotope separation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#analytical_isotope_separation|isotope separation, analytical]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#chemical_isotope_exchange|isotope separation, chemical isotope exchange]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#electrolytic_isotope_separation|isotope separation, electrolytic]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#electromagnetic_isotope_separation|isotope separation, electromagnetic]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#gas_centrifuge_separation|isotope separation, gas centrifuge]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#gas_diffusion|isotope separation, gas diffusion]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#industrial_isotope_separation|isotope separation, industrial]]
 +
 + [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#mass_spectrometry2_separations|isotope separation, mass spectrometry]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#isotope|isotopic ratios]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#isotope|isotopic ratios]]
 +
 +===== J =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#joliot_curie|Joliot-Curie, Frederic]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#joliot_curie|Joliot-Curie, Irene]]
  
 ===== L ===== ===== L =====
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#liquid_drop_model|liquid drop model]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#liquid_drop_model|liquid drop model]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#liquid_drop_model_ii|liquid drop model (2)]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12|liquid scintillation]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12|liquid scintillation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#liquid_scintillation_counter|liquid scintillation counter]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#principle_of_liquid_scintillation_counting|liquid scintillation counting principle]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#liquid_scintillation_spectra|liquid scintillation spectrum]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#long_lived_radionuclides|long-lived radionuclides]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#long_lived_radionuclides|long-lived radionuclides]]
Line 193: Line 430:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#magical_numbers|magical numbers]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#magical_numbers|magical numbers]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# manhattan_project |Manhattan Project]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#mass_defect|mass defect]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#mass_number|mass number]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#mass_number|mass number]]
Line 198: Line 439:
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#mass_spectrometry|mass spectrometry]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#mass_spectrometry|mass spectrometry]]
  
-[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#marie_curie|Marie Curie]]+[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8|measurement of radionuclides]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#measurement_system|measurement system]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#measurement_system|measurement system]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#hahn_meitner_strassman|Meitner, Lise]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# transuraniums_first |mendelevium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#mosely|Mosely, Henry]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#multichannel_analyzer|multichannel analyzer]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#multichannel_analyzer|multichannel analyzer]]
Line 211: Line 458:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#neutron|neutron]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#neutron|neutron]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#neutron_capture|neutron capture]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#delayed_neutron|neutron, delayed]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#neutron_induced_nuclear_reactions|neutron induced nuclear reactions]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#neutron_to_proton_ration|neutron-rich]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#thermal_neutron|neutron, thermal]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#neutron_to_proton_ratio|neutron to proton ratio]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#neutron_to_proton_ratio|neutron to proton ratio]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#non_equilibrium|non-equilibrium]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#non_equilibrium|non-equilibrium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#normal_distribution|normal distribution]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#nuclear_force|nuclear force]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#nuclear_power_production|nuclear power]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#nuclear_power_production|nuclear power]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#nuclear_power_accidents|nuclear power, accidents]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15|nuclear reaction]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#energetics_of_nuclear_reactions|nuclear reaction energetics]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#nuclear_reaction_kinetics|nuclear reaction kinetics]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#nuclear_reaction_models|nuclear reaction models]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#nuclear_reaction_types|nuclear reaction types]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#nuclear_shell_model|nuclear shell model]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#nuclear_shell_model|nuclear shell model]]
Line 227: Line 500:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#nuclide_chart|nuclide chart]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#nuclide_chart|nuclide chart]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#number_of_radioactive_nuclei|number of radioactive nuclei]]
  
 ===== O ===== ===== O =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#odd_even_problem|odd-even]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#odd_even_problem|odd-odd]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#odd_even_problem|odd-even problem]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#odd_even_problem|odd-even problem]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# oppenheimer |Oppenheimer, Robert]]
  
 ===== P ===== ===== P =====
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#pair_formation|pair formation]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#pair_formation|pair formation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#particles_and_rays_in_decay_processes|particles and rays from decay processes]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#pet_tomography|PET tomography]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#photocathode|photocathode]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#photoelectric_effect|photoelectric effect]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#photoelectric_effect|photoelectric effect]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#photomultiplier_tube|photomultiplier tube]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#photomultiplier_tube|photomultiplier tube]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#photonuclear_reactions|photonuclear reactions]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#photopeak|photopeak]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#photopeak|photopeak]]
Line 245: Line 534:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#positron|positron]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#positron|positron]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#annihilation|positron annihilation]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#positron_decay|positron decay]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#positron_decay|positron decay]]
Line 251: Line 542:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#potential_diagram|potential diagram]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#potential_diagram|potential diagram]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#primordial_radionuclides|primordial radionuclides]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16|production of radionuclides]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#projectile_particle|projectile particle]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter10#proportional_counter|proportional counter]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter10#proportional_counter|proportional counter]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#proton|proton]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#proton|proton]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter3#neutron_to_proton_ration|proton-rich]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#pure_beta_emitters|pure beta emitters]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#pure_beta_emitters|pure beta emitters]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#pure_positron_emitters|pure positron emitters]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#pure_positron_emitters|pure positron emitters]]
 +
 +===== Q =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#quenching|quenching]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#quenching_series|quenching series]]
  
 ===== R ===== ===== R =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13|radiation imaging]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5|radioactive decay]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5|radioactive decay]]
Line 267: Line 574:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#decay_chains|radioactive decay series]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#decay_chains|radioactive decay series]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#radiocarbon|radiocarbon]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#radiochemical_purity|radiochemical purity (in production)]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#radioisotope|radioisotope]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4|radionuclide]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#radionuclide_generators|radionuclide generators]]
 +
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#imaging_radiopharmaceuticals|radionuclide imaging in radiopharmaceutical research]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#radionuclide_production_accelerators|radionuclide production in accelerators]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#radionuclide_production_reactors|radionuclide production in reactors]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#radionuclide_production_reactors|radionuclide production in reactors]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#absorption_of_alpha_radiation|range of alpha radiation]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#absorption_of_alpha_radiation|range of alpha radiation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6|rate of radioactive decay]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#radon|radon]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#recoil_beta_decay|recoil (beta)]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#recoil_beta_decay|recoil (beta)]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter10#recombination_area|recombination area]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#radionuclide_production_reactors|research reactors]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#resolution_autoradiography|resolution in autoradiography]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#ernest_rutherford|Rutherford, Ernst]]
  
 ===== S ===== ===== S =====
Line 279: Line 613:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#sample_preparation_gamma|sample preparation in gamma spectrometry]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#sample_preparation_gamma|sample preparation in gamma spectrometry]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#sample_preparation_lsc|sample preparation for liquid scintillation counting]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter11#sample_treatment_alpha_spectrometry|sample pretreatment for alpha spectrometry]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#coherent_scattering|scattering, coherent]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#compton_scattering|scattering, Compton]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#elastic_scattering|scattering, elastic]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#inelastic_scattering|scattering, inelastic]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#scintillation_agents|scintillation agents]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#scintillation_cocktail|scintillation cocktail]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#scintillation_solvent|scintillation solvent]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#scintillator_molecule|scintillator molecule]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter12#scintillator_molecule|scintillator molecule]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# seaborg |Seaborg, Glen T.]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#secondary_processes_beta_decay|secondary beta decay processes]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#secondary_processes_beta_decay|secondary beta decay processes]]
Line 289: Line 643:
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#semiconductor_detectors_gamma|semiconductor detectors for gamma spectrometry]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#semiconductor_detectors_gamma|semiconductor detectors for gamma spectrometry]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter11#silicon_detectors|silicon detectors in alpha spectrometry]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter8#single_channel_analyzer|single channel analyzer]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#single_channel_mode|single channel mode]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#single_channel_mode|single channel mode]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1# fajans_and_soddy |Soddy, Frederick]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#solid_scintillators|Solid scintillation detectors]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#solid_scintillators|solid scintillator]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#solid_scintillators|solid scintillator]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#solid_state_nuclear_track_detectors|solid state nuclear track detectors]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#spallation|spallation]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#specific_activity|specific activity]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#specific_activity|specific activity]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#specific_ionization|specific ionization]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter7#specific_ionization|specific ionization]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#spect_tomography|SPECT tomography]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#fission|spontaneous fission]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#standard_deviation|standard deviation]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#standard_deviation_of_activity|standard deviation of activity]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14|statistics in radioactivity measurements]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#13.2._storage_phosphor_screen_autoradiography|storage phosphor screen autoradiography]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter1#hahn_meitner_strassman|Strassman, Fritz]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#substraction_of_background_gamma|substraction of background (gamma spectrometry)]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9#substraction_of_background_gamma|substraction of background (gamma spectrometry)]]
  
 ===== T ===== ===== T =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#target_nucleus|target nucleus]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#thermal_neutron|thermal neutron]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#thermal_neutron|thermal neutron]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#thorium|thorium]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#thorium|thorium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#tlc|TLC]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter13#tomography|tomography]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#tracers|tracers]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter11#tracer_alpha_spectrometry|tracer usage, alpha spectrometry]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#transient_equilibrium|transient equilibrium]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#transient_equilibrium|transient equilibrium]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#treshold_energy|threshold energy]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter2#tritium|tritium]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#tunneling|tunneling]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#tunneling|tunneling]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5|types of radiation]]
  
 ===== U ===== ===== U =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#standard_deviation_of_activity|uncertainty of activity (standard deviation)]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#uncertainty_of_gross_count_rate|uncertainty of gross count rate]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#uncertainty_of_net_count_rate|uncertainty of net count rate]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter14#uncertainty_table|uncertainty (table)]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#uranium|uranium]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter4#uranium|uranium]]
  
 [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#uranium_enrichment|uranium enrichment]] [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter17#uranium_enrichment|uranium enrichment]]
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter10#use_of_gm_and_proportional_counter|use of gas ionization counters (GM-tube and proportional counter)]]
 +
 +===== X =====
 +
 +[[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#x_rays|X-rays]]
  
  
textbook/nrctextbook/chapter19.1745486033.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025-04-24 11:13 by Merja Herzig

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