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--- textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16 [2025-05-05 11:54]
Merja Herzig
+++ textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16 [2025-05-07 14:06] (current)
Merja Herzig
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-In addition to radionuclidic purity another term, //radiochemical purity// is important, particularly in labelling of organic molecules, for radiopharmaceutical purpose for example. Radiochemically pure compounds are the desired compounds containing the radionuclide or the compounds containing the radionuclide in a desired position. In, for example, <sup>18</sup>F-labelled radiopharmaceutical 2-FDG (2-deoxy-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-D-g1ucose) product the radiochemically impure compounds are those where the <sup>18</sup>F-label is somewhere else than in 2-deoxy position or other <sup>18</sup>F-labelled compounds, such as tetra-acetyl-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]FDG.
+In addition to radionuclidic purity another term, //radiochemical purity// is important, particularly in labelling of organic molecules, for radiopharmaceutical purpose for example. Radiochemically pure compounds are the desired compounds containing the radionuclide or the compounds containing the radionuclide in a desired position. In, for example, <sup>18</sup>F-labelled radiopharmaceutical 2-FDG (2-deoxy-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-D-glucose) product the radiochemically impure compounds are those where the <sup>18</sup>F-label is somewhere else than in 2-deoxy position or other <sup>18</sup>F-labelled compounds, such as tetra-acetyl-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]FDG.
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 {{anchor:radionuclide_generators}}
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 Radionuclide tracers are commercially typically available as liquids containing radionuclides as ions, for example <sup>137</sup>CsCl and NH<sub>4</sub>H<sup>32</sup>PO<sub>4</sub> or as labelled compounds, such as [methyl-
-<sup>14</sup>C]methionine and [<sup>35</sup>S]methionine. A number of radionuclide tracers are available in a mode of generator. In these a radionuclide, produced either in a [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#radionuclide_production_reactors|reactor]] or a [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#cyclotrons|cyclotron]], is trapped in column containing a sorbent, such as alumina, capable of sorbing this radionuclide. In the column the sorbed radionuclide decays to its daughter nuclide which is the desired tracer nuclide. The sorbent needs to efficiently trap the parent nuclide but not the daughter which should be eluteable out from the column while the parent nuclide remains. Another requirement is that the [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#half_life|half-life]] of the daughter is shorter than that of the parent; otherwise no radiochemical equilibrium would be attained in the column.
+<sup>14</sup>C]methionine and [<sup>35</sup>S]methionine. A number of radionuclide tracers are available in a mode of generator. In these a radionuclide, produced either in a [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#radionuclide_production_reactors|reactor]] or a [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#cyclotrons|cyclotron]], is trapped in column containing a sorbent, such as alumina, capable of sorbing this radionuclide. In the column the sorbed radionuclide decays to its daughter nuclide which is the desired tracer nuclide. The sorbent needs to efficiently trap the parent nuclide but not the daughter which should be eluteable out from the column while the parent nuclide remains. Another requirement is that the [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#half_life|half-life]] of the daughter is shorter than that of the parent; otherwise no radiochemical [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter6#activity_equilibrium|equilibrium]] would be attained in the column.
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-As examples of radionuclide generators the 99mTc and 137mBa generators are described. In a Tc generator the parent <sup>99</sup>Mo (t½ = 66 h), produced in a reactor by neutron activation of stable <sup>98</sup>Mo, is trapped in an aluminum oxide column where it decays to a short-lived <sup>99m</sup>Tc (t½ = 6.0 h). Tc forms an anionic TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> ion that can be eluted from the column with NaCl solution while <sup>99</sup>Mo remains in the column as MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>. <sup>99m</sup>Tc is widely used as a radiopharmaceutical in hospitals in single photon
+As examples of radionuclide generators, the <sup>99m</sup>Tc and <sup>137m</sup>Ba generators are described. In a Tc generator the parent <sup>99</sup>Mo (t½ = 66 h), produced in a [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter16#radionuclide_production_reactors|reactor]] by [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter15#neutron_capture|neutron activation]] of stable <sup>98</sup>Mo, is trapped in an aluminum oxide column where it [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5|decays]] to a short-lived <sup>99m</sup>Tc (t½ = 6.0 h). Tc forms an anionic TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> ion that can be eluted from the column with NaCl solution while <sup>99</sup>Mo remains in the column as MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>. <sup>99m</sup>Tc is widely used as a radiopharmaceutical in hospitals in single photon tomography imaging of humans. <sup>99m</sup>Tc emits fairly energetic [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter5#gamma|gamma rays]] (143 keV) which can be readily detected with [[textbook:nrctextbook:chapter9|gamma detectors]].
-tomography imaging of humans. <sup>99m</sup>Tc emits fairly energetic gamma rays (143 keV) which can be readily detected with gamma detectors.
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